]! ^! Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. 
]" ^" Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia ^# 29 02 S, 167 57 E ^$ Oceania ^% `! 34.6 sq km `" 34.6 sq km `# 0 sq km ^& about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC ^' 0 km ^( 32 km ^) `$ 12 nm `l 200 nm ^* subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation ^+ volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains ^, `% Pacific Ocean 0 m `& Mount Bates 319 m ^- fish ^. `' 0% `( 0% `) 100% (2005) ^/ NA ^0 typhoons (especially May to July) ^1 NA ^2 most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated 
]# ^3 2,114 (July 2007 est.) ^4 `+ 20.2% `, 63.9% `- 15.9% (2007 est.) ^6 0.006% (2007 est.) ^7 NA ^8 NA ^9 NA ^: NA ^; `! NA `. NA `/ NA ^< `2 NA `. NA `/ NA ^= NA ^> NA ^? NA ^@ NA ^A `3 Norfolk Islander(s) `4 Norfolk Islander(s) ^B descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian ^C Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.2%, none 18.1% (2001 census) ^D English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian ^E NA 
]$ ^F `6 Territory of Norfolk Island `7 Norfolk Island ^G self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Transport and Regional Services ^H NA ^I `8 Kingston `9 29 03 S, 167 58 E `: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) ^J none (territory of Australia) ^K none (territory of Australia) ^L Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) ^M Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005 ^N based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law ^O 18 years of age; universal ^P `; Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general `< Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) `= Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator `> none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia ^Q unicameral Legislative Assembly (nine seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) `> last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) `? seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties) ^R Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions ^S none ^T none ^U UPU ^V none (territory of Australia) ^W none (territory of Australia) ^X three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band 
]% ^Y Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. ^Z $NA ^_ NA ^` `@ 10% industry and services: 90% ^a 0% _$ `E $4.6 million `F $4.8 million; including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00) _& Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry _' tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete _) NA kWh _* NA kWh _3 $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92) _4 postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados _5 Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004) _6 $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) _7 NA _8 Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004) _9 $NA _: $NA _; Australian dollar (AUD) _< Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002) _= 1 July - 30 June 
]& _> 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) _? 0; note - proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum (2002) _@ `G adequate `H free local calls `I country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station _A AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) _B 1 (local programming station plus 2 repeaters that air Australian programs by satellite) (2005) _C .nf _D 100 (2006) _E 700 (2002 est.) 
]' _F 1 (2006) _G `! 1 `b 1 (2006) _H `! 80 km `K 53 km `L 27 km (2002) _I none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade 
]( _M defense is the responsibility of Australia 
]) _N none 