]! ^! Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986. 
]" ^" Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain ^# 39 30 N, 8 00 W ^$ Europe ^% `! 92,391 sq km `" 91,951 sq km `# 440 sq km `* includes Azores and Madeira Islands ^& slightly smaller than Indiana ^' `! 1,214 km `Y Spain 1,214 km ^( 1,793 km ^) `$ 12 nm `M 24 nm `N 200 nm `O 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation ^* maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south ^+ mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south ^, `% Atlantic Ocean 0 m `& Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m ^- fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower ^. `' 17.29% `( 7.84% `) 74.87% (2005) ^/ 6,500 sq km (2003) ^0 Azores subject to severe earthquakes ^1 soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas _P `P Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling `Q Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification ^2 Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar 
]# ^3 10,642,836 (July 2007 est.) ^4 `+ 16.5% (male 914,480/female 837,525) `, 66.3% (male 3,501,206/female 3,551,706) `- 17.3% (male 757,220/female 1,080,699) (2007 est.) ^5 `! 38.8 years `. 36.7 years `/ 41 years (2007 est.) ^6 0.334% (2007 est.) ^7 10.59 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) ^8 10.56 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) ^9 3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) ^: `0 1.07 male(s)/female `1 1.092 male(s)/female `, 0.986 male(s)/female `- 0.701 male(s)/female `2 0.946 male(s)/female (2007 est.) ^; `! 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births `. 5.38 deaths/1,000 live births `/ 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) ^< `2 77.87 years `. 74.6 years `/ 81.36 years (2007 est.) ^= 1.48 children born/woman (2007 est.) ^> 0.4% (2001 est.) ^? 22,000 (2001 est.) ^@ less than 1,000 (2003 est.) ^A `3 Portuguese (singular and plural) `4 Portuguese ^B homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal ^C Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant and other 6% (1995) ^D Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used) ^E `5 age 15 and over can read and write `2 93.3% `. 95.5% `/ 91.3% (2003 est.) 
]$ ^F `6 Portuguese Republic `7 Portugal `Z Republica Portuguesa `[ Portugal ^H parliamentary democracy ^I `8 Lisbon `9 38 43 N, 9 08 W `: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) `p +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October ^J 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu ^K 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed) ^L Portugal Day (Day of Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died ^M adopted 2 April 1976; effective 25 April 1976; revised many times ^N civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations ^O 18 years of age; universal ^P `; President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006) `< Prime Minister Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (since 12 March 2005) `= Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister `* there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president `> president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 22 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2011); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president `? Anibal CAVACO SILVA elected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 50.6%, Manuel ALEGRE 20.7%, Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES 14.3%, Jeronimo DE SOUSA 8.5%, Franciso LOUCA 5.3% ^Q unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) `> last held 20 February 2005 (next to be held in February 2009) `? percent of vote by party - PS 45.1%, PSD 28.7%, CDU 7.6%, PP 7.3%, BE 6.4%, other 4.9%; seats by party - PS 121, PSD 75, CDU 14, PP 12, BE 8 ^R Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura) ^S Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa Augusta Baiao de Brito APOLONIA]; Popular Party or PP [Jose Ribeiro e CASTRO]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Luis Manuel Goncalves Marques MENDES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]; Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PEV and PCP) ^T NA ^U AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC ^V `R Ambassador Joao DE VALLERA `S 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 `T [1] (202) 350-5400 `U [1] (202) 462-3726 `V Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), San Francisco `^ New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island) ^W `R Ambassador Alfred J. HOFFMAN Jr. `_ Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon `` Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 `T [351] (21) 727-3300 `U [351] (21) 726-9109 `^ Ponta Delgada (Azores) ^X two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line 
]% ^Y Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past two decades, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth had been above the EU average for much of the 1990s, but fell back in 2001-06. GDP per capita stands at roughly two-thirds of the EU-25 average. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The budget deficit surged to an all-time high of 6% of GDP in 2005 but was reduced to 4.6% in 2006. The government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness while keeping the budget deficit within the eurozone's 3%-of-GDP ceiling. ^Z $203.1 billion (2006 est.) ^[ $176.6 billion (2006 est.) ^\ 1.4% (2006 est.) ^] $19,100 (2006 est.) ^^ `@ 6.6% `A 28.6% `B 64.9% (2006 est.) ^_ 5.58 million (2006) ^` `@ 10% `A 30% `B 60% (2001 est.) ^a 7.6% (2006 est.) _! NA% _" `C 3.1% `D 28.4% (1995 est.) _d 38.5 (1997) _# 2.5% (2006 est.) _V 20.9% of GDP (2006 est.) _$ `E $83.89 billion `F $93.09 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.) _% 67.4% of GDP (2006 est.) _& grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, swine, poultry, dairy products; fish _' textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism _( 0.9% (2006 est.) _) 42.52 billion kWh (2004) _* 46.05 billion kWh (2004) _+ 2.1 billion kWh (2004) _, 8.6 billion kWh (2004) _- NA bbl/day _. 332,000 bbl/day (2004) _/ 35,400 bbl/day (2003) _0 106,200 bbl/day (2003) _1 0 cu m (2005 est.) _2 4.297 billion cu m (2005 est.) _X 0 cu m (2005 est.) _Y 4.46 billion cu m (2005 est.) _Q $-16.75 billion (2006 est.) _3 $46.77 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) _4 clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides _5 Spain 25.9%, France 13.1%, Germany 11.9%, UK 8%, US 5.4%, Italy 4.3% (2005) _6 $67.74 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) _7 machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products _8 Spain 29%, Germany 13.4%, France 8.5%, Italy 5.2%, Netherlands 4.3%, UK 4.2% (2005) _[ $9.88 billion (December 2006 est.) _9 $272.2 billion (30 September 2006 est.) _\ ODA, $271 million (1995) _; euro (EUR) `* on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries _< euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002) _= calendar year 
]& _> 4.234 million (2005) _? 11.448 million (2005) _@ `G Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities `H integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations `I country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned _A AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998) _B 62 (plus 166 repeaters; includes Azores and Madeira Islands) (1995) _C .pt _D 845,980 (2005) _E 7.783 million (2006) 
]' _F 66 (2006) _G `! 43 `a 5 `J 9 `b 5 `c 13 `W 11 (2006) _R `! 23 `c 1 `W 22 (2006) _^ gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2006) _e `! 2,850 km `r 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified) `n 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2005) _H `! 78,470 km `K 67,484 km (includes 2,002 km of expressways) `L 10,986 km (2004) _b 210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003) _S `! 111 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,077,300 GRT/1,363,435 DWT by type: bulk carrier 11, cargo 27, chemical tanker 15, container 7, liquefied gas 11, passenger 9, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 9 `X 82 (Australia 1, Belgium 8, Cyprus 1, Denmark 4, Germany 17, Greece 4, Italy 12, Japan 9, Malta 1, Mexico 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 4, Spain 15, Switzerland 3, US 1) `d 16 (Cyprus 2, Hong Kong 1, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2006) _I Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines 
]( _J Army, Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP), National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana) (2005) _T 18 years of age for voluntary military service; compulsory military service ended in 2004; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties (2005) _K males age 18-49: 2,435,042 females age 18-49: 2,405,816 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 18-49: 1,952,819 females age 18-49: 1,977,264 (2005 est.) _L males age 18-49: 67,189 females age 18-49: 60,626 (2005 est.) _U 2.3% (2005 est.) 
]) _N Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz _O seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin 